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A diamond synthesis company in Russia used a high-pressure high-temperature method to synthesize a 32.2-carat rough diamond.
Russia's new diamond technology company recently announced the successful synthesis of a 10.07-carat blue diamond.
Hall and the HPHT diamond synthesis machine at the time
In the face of the challenge of synthetic diamonds, where will natural diamonds go?
Past and present: Synthetic drills have scared the inventors "soft knees"
From the 18th century French chemist Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier discovered that natural diamonds are actually crystals of carbon, scientists began to try to make diamonds.
The world's first synthetic diamond was born in the 1950s. In his own laboratory, Dr. Hall, the head of General Electric's “Super Pressure Project,†produced a bunch of sparkling diamonds by heating the carbon to 5000 degrees Fahrenheit and applying a very high hydraulic pressure. According to the New York Times, when Dr. Hall realized that he really had the ability to synthesize diamonds, he was "scared" and fell almost softly on his knees.
The chemical composition of the diamonds synthesized by Dr. Hall is the same as that of natural diamonds, but it is only used in the industrial field because of the brown color. But this advancement is enough to allow a large wave of countries to see business opportunities, and Germany, France, Sweden and the former Soviet Union have begun to develop artificial diamonds.
In 1971, GE produced the first high-quality synthetic diamonds that reached the jewellery level. However, these high-temperature and high-pressure synthetic diamonds require a lot of energy, and the manufacturing cost is much higher than the selling price, so it is difficult to commercialize.
It was not until 4 years ago that the quality and commercialization of synthetic diamonds began to be truly comparable to natural diamonds. In 2012, a diamond company called Gemesis used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to make Type IIa diamonds. You know, only 2% of the world's natural diamonds can achieve this color. Queen Elizabeth and Elizabeth Taylor are among the few who own this natural diamond. The company sold diamonds to more than 350 stores nationwide in 2014, at a price that is 20% to 30% lower than the same diamonds.
After the technology keeps up, the market for synthetic diamonds has been growing. According to a market report, the global synthetic diamond market reached US$15.7 billion in 2014, and a total of 360,000 carats of synthetic diamonds were produced; by 2023, this figure is estimated to rise to 28.8 billion. Just a few months ago, several synthetic diamond companies even formed an industry alliance called the International Growth Diamond Association, which seemed to suggest that synthetic diamonds have been fully "stranded" against natural diamonds.
Comparison between the two: the use of instruments to distinguish the scarcity of natural drilling is not difficult
Four years ago, the China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Industry Association issued an industry notice, and two batches of CVD synthetic diamonds have been discovered in China. At that time, our reporter interviewed Liang Weizhang, a diamond industry research expert. He said to reporters that he could say that synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds are the difference between humans and humans. Because they have the same physical and chemical properties, they are more difficult to identify.
"At that time, I felt that synthetic diamonds would pose a great threat to natural diamonds, but now I am very calm." Recently, I accepted the return visit, but Liang Weizhang said so. “The worry of the year was due to the lack of mental preparation for the traditional natural diamond industry to face the sudden emergence of synthetic diamonds; on the other hand, because of the difficulties in the identification technology at that time, especially the identification of small particle mosaic samples was very difficult. In the past, with the development of science and technology, I confidently said that the identification of synthetic diamonds is no longer difficult."
Lu Taijin, chief researcher of the Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Management Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, also told reporters that in 2012, NGTC (National Jewelry Quality Supervision and Inspection Center) found unspecified CVD synthetic diamonds in daily inspections, and immediately issued a warning to the industry. The national conference conducted training and seminars for quality inspection organizations and technicians in the industry. In the summer of 2015, NGTC Laboratories detected the colorlessness of small particles in diamond jewellery – a mixture of nearly colorless HPHT synthetic diamonds. Immediately, a series of industry actions, such as the development of new intelligent instruments, were conducted to make the hybrid phenomenon. Get fast and effective control.
“Although synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds are basically identical in terms of chemical composition, crystal structure and basic physicochemical properties, their history and process are different due to their growth conditions, and their internal characteristics – such as mineral inclusions, lattices Defects, traces, trace elements, spectral features, etc., or various small or very small differences with natural diamonds. Jewelry testing institutions using professional instruments, such as NGTC, GIA, etc. can accurately distinguish between scientific identification. For colorless HPHT synthetic diamonds, CVD synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds, fluorescent and phosphorescent features can be used to distinguish them differently. HPHT synthetic colorless diamonds are blue-green and block growth is obvious; CVD synthetic diamonds are orange, Green, blue, blue-green, orange, parallel layered growth lines; natural diamonds are mostly blue, blue-green, etc., mostly quadrilateral ring, grid, band, etc. Also in phosphorescent characteristics, three In addition, when using standard gemstones for UV illumination, HPHT synthetic colorless diamonds are usually shorter than long waves and appear yellow. Or yellow-green phosphor; the CVD diamond synthesis colorless generally stronger than the short long wave, appear yellow, orange or yellow-green phosphor; natural colorless diamonds typically long wave to short wave stronger.
"It can be said that the natural properties such as the geological effects of natural diamonds are extremely difficult or impossible to replicate in synthetic diamonds, and the rareness and uniqueness of natural diamonds has not been challenged," Lu said.
Positioning: Natural diamonds are luxury synthetic diamonds are decorations?
But what I can't help but continue to ask is: Does the distinction make sense when the boundary between the product of the laboratory and nature's creation is so small that it can only be identified by sophisticated instruments?
Regarding synthetic diamonds, a widely known "legend" is: a Chinese-American scholar named Mao Heguang used the "Chemical Vapor Deposition" (CVD) method to make carbon in methane based on a small diamond. The molecules are continuously deposited on the diamond substrate, causing the synthetic diamond to proliferate layer by layer and rapidly “grow upâ€. Mao Heguang said that in theory, the raw materials for synthetic diamonds can be very cheap, such as cow dung. Because the diamond is needed for methane, and methane can be obtained by fermentation with cow dung.
Lu Taijin said that at least so far, although researchers have tried to improve technology, the cost of synthetic diamonds is still very high. In fact, the production of gem-quality synthetic diamonds is limited, especially for large particles, because of the high cost and the price is comparable to natural; however, the price of synthetic diamonds with small particles is indeed cheaper than natural, and the price of synthetic diamonds increases with technology and cost. There may be room for decline. But even so, will the cost of synthetic diamonds be able to replace natural diamonds?
Liang Weizhang said that synthetic diamonds are not the first synthetic gemstones on the market. The appearance of synthetic gemstones such as synthetic crystals and synthetic red sapphire has not caused much impact on the natural market.
"Even in Europe and the United States, where the recognition of synthetic gemstones is extremely high, the value of natural gemstones has not been lowered because of the popularity of synthetic gemstones. Because our cognition is easy to divide the synthesis into ornaments, the natural precious gemstones. For luxury goods, then do not interfere with each other." Jewelry designer Peng Youcheng said.
If you just believe that "things are rare," natural and synthetic diamonds are still vastly different. "As we all know, several major international diamond mining companies are still tacitly maintaining the supply and demand order of the natural diamond market, and the diamond resources currently available to mankind are very limited. With the advancement of technology, the number of synthetic diamonds is bound to increase, the price It must also be getting lower and lower." Liang Weizhang said. In his view, a scarcity is sufficient, and natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds will inevitably take different paths.
Future trends: do not have to weaken the boundaries of the two to accurately locate the synthetic diamond identity
“The natural diamond market has been challenged by synthetic diamonds for half a century. Every time it’s a 'wolf’, but this time the synthetic diamond technology has a breakthrough. It should be said that the threat is bigger, but the natural diamond has its characteristics and the culture is unique. On the other hand, synthetic diamonds have sprung up and can go their own way, giving consumers more choices and enriching people's needs for all aspects of diamonds." Lu Taijin said.
At the recent diamond summit in Shenzhen, the chairman of the Indian Gems and Jewelry Export Promotion Committee, Pravin Shanka Pandia, shared the development status of the Indian diamond market. He said: "In India, we have such a tradition. Many people choose to buy natural diamonds for investment because the value of natural diamonds is relatively stable and sustainable. Now people may not buy synthetic diamonds for investment because they I think the price of synthetic diamonds will drop. They buy synthetic diamonds more as a fashion jewellery or jewelry.†He believes that the synthetic diamond industry should position synthetic diamonds as a fashion jewel so that they can be combined with natural diamonds. Effective difference - if consumers want to invest, they will definitely buy natural diamonds, but if they want to decorate their wear, they may choose synthetic diamonds, because synthetic diamonds are much cheaper than natural diamonds.
Perhaps synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds are not a relationship of substitution and defeat, but can achieve "smart coexistence". The “malignant competition†that currently appears on the market is largely due to the intentional weakening of the boundaries between synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds.
Lu Taijin told reporters that in September 2015, NGTC found that more than 10% of synthetic diamonds were mixed into natural diamonds in a fake manner. This year, the proportion has been greatly reduced. However, in the diamond matching of other jewelry, small-grain synthetic diamonds are still mixed with natural diamonds. The identification and investigation of natural and synthetic diamonds cannot be delayed.
"To quickly popularize the consumption of synthetic diamonds in the Chinese market, it is imperative not to replace natural diamonds, but to reverse the distorted market position of 'synthetic diamonds are fake diamonds' as soon as possible, and boldly disclose the identity source of synthetic diamonds. The market popularizes the technical methods and gemological characteristics of the growth and identification of synthetic diamonds, while highlighting the unique advantages of synthetic diamonds," said Liang Weizhang.
Abstract Since the discovery of the first diamond by humans, this dazzling gem has been given a very high value due to its perfect appearance and rare quantity. Gem-quality diamond generation and discovery is an extremely small probability event. As a result, natural diamonds have been at the top of the pyramid of jewelry consumption...
From the discovery of the first diamond by humans, this dazzling gem has been given a very high value due to its perfect appearance and scarce quantity. Gem-quality diamond generation and discovery is an extremely small probability event. As a result, natural diamonds have been at the top of the jewelry consumption pyramid.