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**Abstract**
Scientists have uncovered superhard carbon crystals within a carbon-rich Havero meteorite that fell in Finland in 1971. According to reports, researchers were polishing a piece of the meteorite when they discovered unusual carbon structures that proved to be harder than diamond. This groundbreaking finding could revolutionize how scientists create stronger synthetic diamonds in the laboratory.
The discovery was made unexpectedly during routine analysis of the meteorite. While using diamond tools to polish the sample, they found that certain carbon crystals remained untouched, suggesting their extreme hardness. Further investigation with advanced instruments revealed two new natural forms of carbon crystal, which are even harder than naturally occurring diamonds formed deep within the Earth.
Diamonds, as we know them, are composed of carbon atoms arranged in a cubic crystalline structure. They are the hardest known natural material, yet their chemical composition is similar to graphite and coal—both also made of carbon. The difference lies in the conditions under which they form. Graphite forms at lower temperatures and pressures, while diamonds require intense heat and pressure deep underground, typically at depths of 150–200 kilometers, where temperatures reach between 1,100 and 1,500 degrees Celsius.
Most diamonds on Earth were formed billions of years ago, with some dating back over 4.5 billion years. These ancient gems originated from the early stages of Earth’s formation and are found primarily in stable continental regions. Their long formation process makes them rare and valuable.
Interestingly, scientists believe that high-impact events, such as meteorite collisions, can also generate the extreme conditions necessary for diamond formation. In fact, the Soviet Academy of Sciences had already reported the presence of diamonds in meteorites as early as 1988.
Professor Tristan Ferrol from the University of Lyon in France, who led the study, called the discovery "accidental but significant." He believes further research on this meteorite could lead to new insights into diamond formation. The findings will be published in the *Earth and Planetary Science Letters* on February 15th.
Chen Changfeng, a researcher from the University of Nevada, noted that the meteorite's graphite layers had been subjected to immense pressure and heat, similar to the conditions used in industrial diamond synthesis. The team plans to use high-resolution imaging to analyze the crystal’s atomic structure and better understand its unique properties. This could open up new possibilities in materials science and engineering.