As we all know, the calculation method of photovoltaic power plant power generation is theoretical annual power generation = annual average total solar radiation * total battery area * photoelectric conversion efficiency but due to various reasons, the actual power generation of photovoltaic power stations is not so much, the actual annual power generation = Theoretical annual power generation * Actual power generation efficiency. Let us now look at the top ten factors that affect the power generation of photovoltaic power plants! 1: The amount of solar radiation In the case of certain solar cell module conversion efficiency, the photovoltaic system power generation is determined by the solar radiation intensity. Photovoltaic systems use only about 10% of solar radiant energy (solar cell efficiency, component assembly losses, dust loss, inverter losses, line losses, battery efficiency) The power generation of photovoltaic power plants is directly related to the amount of solar radiation. The radiation intensity and spectral characteristics of the sun change with the weather conditions. 2: The tilt angle of the solar cell module The principle of direct separation of the total amount of solar radiation and solar radiation on the inclined surface can be obtained: the total amount of solar radiation Ht on the inclined surface is composed of direct solar radiation amount Hbt sky-scattering amount Hdt and ground-reflected radiation amount Hrt. Ht=Hbt+Hdt+Hrt 3: Efficiency of solar cell modules Since the beginning of this century, China's solar photovoltaic industry has entered a period of rapid development, and the efficiency of solar cells continues to increase. With the help of nanotechnology, the conversion rate of silicon materials in the future can reach 35%, which will become a revolution in solar power generation technology. Sexual breakthrough." The mainstream material of solar photovoltaic cells is silicon, so the conversion rate of silicon materials has always been an important factor restricting the further development of the entire industry. The classical theoretical limit for silicon conversion is 29%. The record created in the laboratory is 25%, and this technology is being put into the industry. The laboratory has been able to extract high-purity silicon directly from silica without converting it to metallic silicon, from which silicon can be extracted. This will reduce intermediate links and improve efficiency. The combination of the third-generation nanotechnology and the existing technology can increase the conversion rate of silicon materials to more than 35%. If large-scale commercial production is introduced, the cost of solar power generation will be greatly reduced. Fortunately, such technology "has already been completed in the laboratory and is waiting for the process of industrialization." 4: Combination loss Anything connected in series will cause current loss due to the current difference in the components. Any parallel connection will cause voltage loss due to the voltage difference of the components. The combined loss can reach more than 8%. The standard of China Engineering Construction Standardization Association is less than 10%. note: 1: In order to reduce the combination loss, the components with the same current should be strictly selected before the installation of the power station. 2: The attenuation characteristics of the components are as consistent as possible. According to the national standard GB/T-9535, the maximum output power of a solar module is tested after the test under specified conditions, and its attenuation must not exceed 8% 3: Isolation diodes are sometimes necessary. 5: Temperature characteristics When the temperature rises by 1°C, the crystalline silicon solar cell: the maximum output power drops by 0.04%, the open circuit voltage drops by 0.04% (-2mv/°C), and the short-circuit current increases by 0.04%. In order to avoid the influence of temperature on the power generation, good ventilation of the components should be maintained. 6: Dust loss Dust loss at the power station may reach 6%! Components need to be wiped regularly. 7: Maximum Output Power Tracking (MPPT) From the perspective of solar cell applications, the so-called application is the tracking of the maximum output power point of a solar cell. The MPPT function of the grid-tied system is completed in the inverter. It was recently studied to put it in a DC combiner box. 8: Line loss The line loss of the system's DC and AC circuits must be controlled within 5%. For this reason, it is designed to use conductive wires with good conductivity. The wires need to have a sufficient diameter. Construction does not allow cutting corners. During system maintenance, special attention should be paid to whether the connectors and terminals are firm. 9: Controller, inverter efficiency The charge and discharge circuit pressure drop of the controller must not exceed 5% of the system voltage. The efficiency of grid-connected inverters is currently greater than 95%, but this is conditional. 10: Battery Efficiency (Independent System) The independent photovoltaic system needs to use a battery. The charging and discharging efficiency of the battery directly affects the efficiency of the system, that is, it affects the power generation of the independent system, but this has not yet attracted everyone's attention. Lead-acid battery efficiency 80%; Lithium phosphate lithium battery efficiency more than 90%.
Spherical Roller Bearings are most suitable option for applications that need shock resistant components yet this is not the only quality these Bearings have. These Bearings can handle heavy loads because of their rings` alignment. Due to the curved outer ring, Spherical Bearings come with self aligning capabilities that make it possible to absorb shocks and also enable the apparatus to carry high axial and radial load even in harsh environment with lot of vibration. Even with this rugged working environment, Roller Bearings tend to have high precision.
DESIGN Sphercial Roller Bearing,Aligning Roller Bearing,Long Life Spherical Roller Ball Bearings,Spherical Plastic Roller Bearings Shijiazhuang Longshu Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Trading Co., Ltd. , https://www.longsbearing.com
Spherical Bearings have two rows of rollers that are separated by a cage or rib that could be sealed or unsealed depending on the specific model and application, external raceway and dual raceways in inner ring to support rotating shaft. Amazingly the quality and alignment of raceways, cages and rings define the overall performance and quality of the product. Asymmetrical rollers increase performance and precision while symmetrical rollers offer better load distribution, lesser vibration that ultimately leads to durability.
MATERIAL
These Bearings are manufactured with several kind of material based on the application and working environment. Chrome steel is one of the most popular materials used in production of these Bearings because of its durability yet sheet steel, polyamide and brass are also used for some applications. One of the most important parts of Spherical Bearings is the cage that holds bearings at their place. That cage is usually manufactured with pressed steel or brass because both of these materials offer strength as well as temperature resistance.
These Bearings tend to have seals in order to prevent contaminants like dirt, liquid, debris as well as harsh temperature. This type of these bearing doesn`t even need lubrication if they do not exceed 50% of their maximum allowed RPM.
APPLICATIONS
Spherical Bearings are essential part of heavy machines like gearboxes, turbines, mechanical fans, constructions equipment, mining equipment and drilling equipment. Roller Bearings are available in multiple standard sizes and dimension yet they are also made with custom sizes and specifications.
sphere
MODELS AND VARIATIONS
Usually these Bearings come in two different types that have totally different design, structure, specifications and applications.
Single Row Spherical Roller Bearings
These are also known as Barrel Bearings because of their design and they are widely used where only low radial load carrying capacity is required. Other than the load capacity difference, Single Row these Bearings is quite similar to their counterpart in terms of performance and durability.
Double Row Spherical Roller Bearings
These are used where high radial load carrying capacity if required and that make them an essential part of almost all heavy duty machinery out there. The design difference between these two is obvious; Double Row Roller Bearings come with central flanges that optimize the overall performance of the apparatus.
