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Since the arrival of the hot summer season, several major vegetable-producing regions have faced severe weather conditions such as storms, heavy rain, typhoons, hail, high temperatures, and drought. These extreme weather events have caused damage to vegetables, seedlings, and agricultural facilities. In response, the Vegetable Experts Steering Group under the Ministry of Agriculture has issued the following recommendations to help farmers mitigate risks and manage their crops effectively.
**Storm Disaster Prevention Measures**
First, rain protection is essential. For northern solar greenhouses, especially those with soil walls, it's important to prevent rain from eroding the exposed walls and back slopes. Covering the outer walls and back slopes with felt or plastic film can provide additional protection. If possible, upgrade the walls to a more durable brick and soil composite structure. Large and medium-sized arch sheds and shading structures should be secured against heavy rain and strong winds by tightening ropes and reinforcing the shed covers.
Second, drainage and flood control are crucial. Deepen and clear drainage ditches, and in low-lying areas, dig trenches and build cofferdams to prepare for water accumulation. Ensure that pumping equipment is ready to drain excess water quickly. In open fields, ensure proper drainage during rainy periods to prevent waterlogging, which can harm vegetable roots.
Third, wind protection should be prioritized. During high-temperature periods, check greenhouse films regularly for damage and repair them promptly. For seedling areas, reinforce shading and insect nets. For vine crops, secure support poles and vine ropes. Leafy vegetables can benefit from small arch sheds covered with shade nets to protect against wind and rain.
**Field Scientific Management Measures**
First, focus on seedling management. Summer is a critical period for the growth of autumn and winter vegetables. Seedlings thrive in temperatures between 20°C and 28°C, with soil moisture levels around 60% to 80%. They are sensitive to both drought and flooding. Therefore, it’s vital to maintain nursery facilities properly and avoid water accumulation inside the greenhouses. Control watering and promote healthy growth to cultivate strong, age-appropriate seedlings.
Second, implement proper water and fertilizer management. Water plants in the early morning or late evening to avoid high-temperature stress, which can impair root function. After watering, ventilate the greenhouse to reduce humidity and prevent disease. Apply foliar fertilizers based on plant needs to enhance resilience. Combine nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers for balanced nutrition.
Third, prioritize pest control. Summer is a peak time for pests and diseases. Follow the principle of “prevention first†by increasing ventilation to reduce humidity. Use physical methods like insect nets, sticky traps, sex attractants, and light traps. Apply low-residue pesticides when necessary, and strictly observe pesticide safety intervals to ensure food quality and safety.
**Post-Disaster Recovery**
First, repair damaged facilities as soon as possible. Replace or repair broken greenhouse films, shading nets, and other damaged structures. Re-cover and tighten the films to secure the facilities and prevent further damage, ensuring future production is not disrupted.
Second, strengthen crop management. If damage is severe and harvest is not possible, remove rotten leaves and clean the area promptly to prevent disease spread. Plant fast-growing crops like melons, beans, cabbage, and rape to make up for lost time. For plants with minimal damage, prune damaged branches, harvest mature fruits, and apply top dressing to encourage recovery. Foliar sprays every seven days can improve photosynthesis and resistance. Loosen the soil and apply fertilizers, using about 15 kg of urea (or 30 kg of ammonium sulfate) and 4 kg of potassium sulfate per acre to support regrowth.
Third, monitor for pests and diseases. After a disaster, vegetables are vulnerable to downy mildew, powdery mildew, soft rot, aphids, whiteflies, and caterpillars. Clean the field and spray disinfectants and insecticides immediately. Repeat treatments after seven days to ensure effective control. Monitor closely and take proactive measures to keep pest and disease outbreaks under control.