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Autumn is a crucial time for managing apple orchards after the harvest. According to experienced fruit growers, applying base fertilizer in the fall yields significant benefits. When the same amount and quality of fertilizer are used, it can increase the fruit setting rate by 8-10% and boost yield by 10-15%, compared to applying it in spring or winter.
There are several advantages to applying base fertilizer in autumn:
First, the nutrients that apple trees rely on from early spring until flowering and fruiting come mainly from what was stored in the previous year. The period between fruit harvest and the onset of fall is the best time to replenish these nutrients. Applying base fertilizer in autumn helps build up the tree’s nutrient reserves, ensuring it has enough energy for the next growing season.
Second, during winter and spring, temperatures are low, which slows down the decomposition of organic fertilizers. If applied during this time, the fertilizer may not be fully utilized, leading to secondary shoot growth that negatively affects flower bud differentiation and fruit setting. Autumn application avoids these issues, allowing the fertilizer to work effectively when the tree needs it most.
Third, applying fertilizer in autumn improves soil structure by increasing pore space, making the soil looser. This helps the orchard retain moisture, preventing drought in winter and spring. It also helps raise the ground temperature, protecting the roots from frost damage.
Fourth, any small root injuries caused during fertilization can heal quickly in autumn, promoting new root growth, which strengthens the tree’s overall health.
When applying base fertilizer in autumn, there are several key considerations:
1. Combine organic and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer should be the main component, supplemented with quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Before application, mix organic manure with superphosphate. During application, add some urea, ammonium bicarbonate, or ammonium sulfate to enhance effectiveness.
2. Choose the right timing. Fertilization time depends on the variety, but generally, it's best before or after the autumn equinox, usually around late September for late varieties.
3. Adjust the amount based on the tree’s productivity. Young trees need about 15-20 kg of manure or chicken manure plus 1-2.5 kg of ammonium sulfate. Trees in the early fruiting stage require 100-150 kg of farmyard manure and 20-25 kg of human or chicken manure. For high-yield orchards, adjust accordingly—typically, 2000 kg per mu requires “jinjinjinfei†(a traditional measure), while 2500-3500 kg per mu needs “six pounds and half fat,†combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
4. Use appropriate methods based on tree condition and soil fertility. Options include ring fertilization (for young trees), radial trenching (to expand the area over time), ditch fertilization (for inter-row areas), and full-field application (for mature or densely planted orchards).
Author: Gu Youjiang
Source: Gansu Science and Technology News
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