In the 1970s, Bottlett, a botanist at the University of Bonn, discovered that under the microscope, the surface of the lotus leaf has a layer of hair and some tiny waxy particles. Water does not flow to the surface of the lotus leaf on these tiny nanoparticles. The direction is spread, but a ball (waterdrop) is formed. As long as the leaf surface is slightly inclined, the water droplets will roll away from the leaf surface and take away the dust on the surface to achieve self-cleaning effect. The waxy layer on the surface of the lotus leaf can keep it dry. This is the reason why the lotus flower “is not stainedâ€. The super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties of the lotus leaf are what scientists call "the lotus leaf effect." Can you use the lotus effect to keep the glass clean? Make your clothes waterproof? The team of Guo Zhiguang, a member of the State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, prepared a variety of superhydrophobic surface materials by studying the lotus effect to make dreams a reality. Guo Zhiguang introduced that since 2004, his team began to study the lotus leaf and attempted to imitate the biomimetic functional composite material with a similar microstructure to the lotus leaf surface. In about five years, the team figured out the microstructure of the surface of the lotus leaf and produced dozens of superhydrophobic engineering materials. However, in practical applications, the problem has arisen - due to the fine structure of the material, it is easy to crack , and change the fine structure can not achieve super-hydrophobic performance. “Can we use a compromise to reduce the nanostructure on the surface of the material to micron?†Guo Zhiguang led the team once again into nature to find the answer: “Nature is the smartest, and there should be such a structure.†Rice leaves, bamboo leaves, clover, and azalea flowers... The team collected dozens of plant leaves, analyzed the microstructure and performance, and finally locked their eyes on the ramie leaves that grew in the south. The lotus leaves have the same superhydrophobic properties, but the microscopic structure of the castor leaf has a diameter of only micron and the mechanical properties are higher. "If we can make such a material, we can overcome the disadvantages of the material easily damaged." According to Guo Zhiguang, according to the microscopic structure of ramie leaves, the research team has successfully prepared a variety of superhydrophobic surfaces, such as superhydrophobic silicon wafers, super-hydrophobic. Copper mesh and core-shell structure of superhydrophobic nanoparticles. These materials can be used for the separation of oil-water mixtures and the oil is efficiently separated from the mixture. In addition to the superhydrophobic, super-lipophilic surface, the team also prepared a superhydrophobic, oleophobic, double sparse surface, and the preparation method was applied to both fabric and metal foam nickel surfaces. The imitation of this superhydrophobic surface material can be widely used in areas such as self-cleaning, antifouling, anti-icing, microfluidics, oil-water separation, water collection, drug release, etc., in particular the potential application of oil-water separation, to solve the problem of marine oil leakage and Industrial wastewater pollution and other environmental issues provide an effective solution.
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