1 Selenium deficiency and health
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Since 1957, Schwartz and Flotz have for the first time confirmed that selenium can prevent liver necrosis and promote the biological function of human and animal growth. Selenium biology research has been more than 50 years old, and now people are interested in selenium in the biological collective. The role and mechanism have a lot of understanding. In 1973, experts in the World Health Organization determined that selenium is one of the essential trace elements in human and animal life activities. The daily intake of certain amounts of selenium by organisms has important biological effects. Selenium plays a key role in the normal physiological activities of the body. Selenium deficiency is often one of the important reasons that affect the health of the body and cause various diseases.
1.1 Selenium deficiency and animal health
When livestock and poultry lack selenium, various conditions may occur. There are mainly the following:
(1) White muscle disease : The disease mainly occurs in lambs, yak and piglets. It is characterized by skeletal muscle, myocardial degeneration and necrosis, and is named after the diseased muscles are pale or even pale. The common pathological changes in the affected animals are skeletal muscle and myocardial degeneration, and the color is light, such as cooked meat color, with yellow-white, gray-yellow, gray-white stripes. The liver is swollen, hard and brittle, with a rough surface and a betel nut-like appearance on the cut surface.
(2) Horse endemic proteinuria: The disease is a selenium-deficient disease in horses. The main symptoms are dyskinesia, skeletal muscle symmetry swelling, heart weakness, sputum brown, and myoglobin. Pathological changes are characterized by degeneration of liver, kidney and other parenchymal organs, hemorrhage, necrosis and edema, degeneration and necrosis of myocardium and skeletal muscle.
(3) Camel "swing disease": This disease is a disease characterized by movement disorders in camels. The clinical feature of the disease is that the hindquarters are stiff, the forelimbs are stuck while walking, the hind limbs are towed, and the left and right are swaying. The gait is disordered when driving or turning sharply, and it is easy to fall and fracture. The sick camel is difficult to go downhill. The head and neck are often biased to one side, and some muscles tremble. The hind limbs are wide and stand in an "eight" step.
(4) Yak "big belly disease": This disease is a disease mainly caused by diarrhea, heart failure, ascites and pneumonia in Xinjiang brown calf introduced from Xinjiang in Qinghai Province. The belly is enlarged and named. The characteristics of the disease are similar to those of yak white muscle disease, but the symptoms of dyskinesia are mild, and heart failure is more serious, often complicated by complications of concomitant or secondary pneumonia and pleurisy.
(5) Exudative quality of chicks : This disease is a local selenium-deficient disease characterized by subcutaneous edema in chicks. The cerebral edema of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, wing and thigh subcutaneous tissue of the young child is yellow or light blue (there is denatured hemoglobin), and the edema is puncture, and yellow or light blue liquid flows out. Symptoms such as diarrhea, anemia, and lethargy occur in the later stages of the disease, and eventually die. Chicken embryos can cause subcutaneous edema in the neck and the hatching rate is reduced. It is also known as chick edema due to subcutaneous edema.
In addition to the above-mentioned major diseases, selenium deficiency can also cause diarrhea in young animals, cow mastitis, placenta, infertility, miscarriage, colibacillosis, pig mulberry heart and fertility decline, embryo degradation, immune function reduction, The survival rate of young animals is reduced, and the growth of livestock and poultry is slow.