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In today's world, opinions on genetically modified (GM) foods vary widely. Some people believe that GM foods are safe and reliable, while others remain cautious and prefer to avoid them regardless of certification. Ultimately, the choice is a personal one—everyone has the right to decide what they eat.
However, with so many food options available, health-conscious consumers often find themselves wondering: How can I tell if a product is genetically modified? Is it even possible to completely avoid GM ingredients in daily life? And are the methods online for identifying GM foods accurate? To explore these questions, this reporter spoke with experts in the field.
One of the main ways to identify GM foods is by checking the label. Compared to the U.S., which uses a voluntary labeling system, the EU requires quantitative labeling, meaning that if the GM content exceeds 0.9%, it must be clearly marked. In China, the labeling system is both qualitative and mandatory, with specific categories of GM products required to be labeled.
Walking into a small supermarket in Chaoyang District, Beijing, the reporter observed a wide variety of cooking oils. Blended oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil were all on display. A sales associate recommended a brand of peanut oil, saying, “This oil doesn’t contain genetically modified organisms, and it’s very popular, though a bit pricier.â€
Upon closer inspection, the bottle of peanut oil had labels stating “pure physical pressing†and “non-genetically modified.†When the reporter checked the same brand’s blended oil, the ingredient list noted that the soybean oil used in the product came from genetically modified soybeans. After examining other products, it became clear that any soybean or blended oil made from genetically modified soybeans was explicitly labeled.
According to Huang Dazhao, a researcher at the Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China has approved seven types of genetically modified crops, including insect-resistant cotton, virus-resistant papaya, and disease-resistant peppers. However, only insect-resistant cotton and virus-resistant papaya are currently commercially produced, while others have not yet reached the market due to consumer resistance or lack of regulatory approval.
In addition, several crops such as soybeans, corn, cotton, rapeseed, and sugar beet are used as raw materials for processing. Among these, genetically modified soybeans are the most commonly imported. In 2012, China imported over 58 million tons of soybeans, mostly genetically modified, which are primarily used for oil production.
Huang Kunlun, a professor at China Agricultural University, explained that China has implemented a strict labeling system for GM foods. Five major categories of 17 genetically modified organisms must be labeled, ensuring transparency for consumers. As a result, products like soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and blended oils containing GM components are clearly identified in the market.
In the United States, labeling is voluntary, and companies can choose whether to indicate if their products contain GM ingredients, provided the information is truthful. The EU, on the other hand, follows a quantitative labeling system, requiring labels when GM content exceeds 0.9%.
There are many myths surrounding genetically modified foods. For example, some claim that potatoes that don’t turn black after peeling are genetically modified, or that all imported soybeans are used for tofu. Experts have debunked these myths.
The truth is that no genetically modified potatoes are currently planted in China, and no country has approved the commercial cultivation of GM potatoes. The color change in peeled potatoes depends on the variety and environmental conditions, not genetic modification.
Another common myth is that all imported soybeans are used for tofu. However, most genetically modified soybeans are high in fat and low in protein, making them unsuitable for tofu production. Most tofu and soy milk are made from non-GM soybeans.
Some fruits and vegetables naturally resist spoilage, but this has nothing to do with being genetically modified. Organic foods, which are produced without synthetic chemicals or GMOs, are also a safer option, although they are more expensive and less widely available.
So, can we completely avoid genetically modified foods in our daily lives? According to experts, it's not necessary to worry too much. While the choice to consume GM foods is personal, the safety of GM products is ensured through rigorous evaluation. In addition, many processed foods, such as soybean oil, contain minimal GM components, and in Europe, those below 0.9% are not considered GM.
To maintain a healthy lifestyle, the key is to ensure a balanced diet with diverse foods. Eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help achieve nutritional balance. Experts emphasize that focusing on overall dietary habits, rather than just whether food is GM, is more important for long-term health.
As Fan Zhihong, an associate professor at China Agricultural University, pointed out, “A healthy lifestyle is the most important factor. Whether a food is genetically modified or not, the real issue is how you eat overall.â€