Thermal decomposition of plastic waste

The thermal decomposition of plastic waste is similar to the basic principle of thermal decomposition of municipal solid waste. The difference between the two is the processing properties of the plastic and the type of product obtained. After thermal decomposition of municipal waste, only low calorific value fuel gas, oil, etc. can be obtained, while the thermal decomposition product of plastic waste is a fuel with a relatively high calorific value or a chemical material with a high value.

Because the main component of this waste is plastic, it is different from the processing performance of municipal waste, which requires the use of specialized equipment. In the thermal decomposition of waste plastics, the following problems will be encountered:

1 Due to the poor thermal conductivity of plastics, it takes a long time to reach the thermal decomposition temperature, so the processing capacity is small compared to the capacity of the equipment.

The deposition of charcoal sticks to the inner wall of the reactor, making continuous discharge difficult.

3 Many plastics have high melt viscosity after heating and are difficult to transport.

When a certain amount of homogeneous waste plastic is collected, effective thermal decomposition can be carried out in order to recover high value-added products, such as various monomers. If the mixed waste does not contain polyvinyl chloride or rubber tires, etc., the oiling process or gasification process can be selected according to the site conditions. The gasification process should be selected on-site, such as the gas plant in the factory or nearby. The oiling process is economical and convenient to store and transport, so it is widely used. If it is a poor quality mixed waste plastic sorted from municipal waste, it is necessary to pre-treat or use more refining equipment to produce fuel oil that can also be used in factory boilers. In general, all thermal decomposition of waste plastics is basically carried out by an oiling process.

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