The vacuum cleaner is a versatile cleaning tool that operates based on suction and filtration principles. Its basic structure can be divided into five main functional parts:

1. Power Unit: This includes the motor and the governor. The motor can be either copper-wound or aluminum-wound. Copper-wound motors are more durable, have better heat resistance, and offer longer operation times, though they come at a higher cost. Aluminum-wound motors are more affordable but tend to have lower heat resistance and a shorter lifespan.

The governor controls the suction power. Manual control typically uses a damper adjustment, while automatic systems may use a button or infrared remote for settings.

2. Filtration System: This consists of a dust bag, front filter, and rear filter. Filtration materials vary, including paper, fabric, SMS (spunbond-meltblown-spunbond), and HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters, which are especially effective at trapping fine particles.

3. Functional Components: These include features like a retractable cord, a dust-full indicator, and switches (button or slide type) for easy operation.

4. Protection Features: To ensure safe and efficient performance, vacuum cleaners often include dust bag protection, high-vacuum protection, anti-interference (soft start), overheat protection, and anti-static measures.

5. Accessories: A range of attachments such as handles, hoses, nozzles, floor brushes, flat suction tools, round brushes, bed brushes, sofa cleaners, hooks, and straps enhance the versatility of the vacuum cleaner for different cleaning tasks.

Working Principle: The vacuum cleaner works by using a fan impeller driven by the motor. As the impeller spins rapidly, it creates a powerful airflow that pulls in air from the surrounding environment. This process generates a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vacuum, allowing dirt and dust to be sucked in through the nozzle and collected in the dust bag. The air is then filtered before being expelled, ensuring clean air is released back into the room.

Origin and Design: All vacuum cleaners come with a basic brush head for cleaning floors and carpets. Many models also include additional brushes and nozzles for reaching tight spaces, such as corners, curtains, sofas, and seams.

Key Attachments:

  • Hard Hose: Connects the vacuum body to flexible hoses and accessories for easier maneuverability.
  • Electric Brush: Found in hybrid models, this attachment helps clean delicate surfaces and upholstery.
  • Rotating Round Brush: Designed for 360° rotation, ideal for furniture and fine fabrics.
  • Flat Nozzle (Slit Nozzle): A narrow, flat attachment perfect for cleaning edges, radiators, and tight spaces.
  • Dust Brush: Made with soft bristles, used for cleaning curtains, walls, and other sensitive surfaces.

Vacuum cleaners typically use a series-wound motor, a centrifugal fan, a dust filter (bag), and various attachments. Their power ranges from 400W to over 1000W, while portable models usually operate at 250W or less. The core mechanism involves an electric blower that generates strong suction, creating a vacuum effect that pulls in dust and debris. After passing through the filtration system, the air is purified and released, making the vacuum cleaner an essential household appliance for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene.

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