The vacuum cleaner is a versatile cleaning tool that operates based on suction power and filtration systems. Its structure can be divided into five main functional parts:

1. Power Unit: This includes the motor and the governor. The motor can be either copper-wire or aluminum-wire type. Copper-wire motors are more durable, have better heat resistance, and offer longer operation times, but they come at a higher cost. Aluminum-wire motors are more affordable but tend to have lower heat resistance and a shorter lifespan.

The governor controls the suction power. Manual control typically involves a damper adjustment, while automatic control uses buttons or infrared sensors for convenience.

2. Filtration System: This consists of a dust bag, front filter, and rear filter. Filters can be made from different materials such as paper, cloth, SMS, or HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters, each offering varying levels of efficiency in capturing fine particles.

3. Functional Components: These include features like a retractable cord mechanism, a dust-full indicator, and switches or buttons for easy operation.

4. Safety Features: Vacuum cleaners often include dust bag protection, high-vacuum protection, anti-interference (soft start), overheat protection, and anti-static measures to ensure safe and efficient use.

5. Accessories: Common attachments include handles, hoses, nozzles, floor brushes, flat suction tools, round brushes, bed brushes, sofa attachments, hooks, and straps, allowing for flexible cleaning of various surfaces and hard-to-reach areas.

How It Works: The vacuum cleaner functions by using a fan impeller driven by a motor. As the motor spins, it creates a powerful airflow that generates a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vacuum. This suction force pulls in dirt and debris through the nozzle, which then travels through the hose and into the dust collection bag. The air is filtered before being expelled, ensuring clean air is released back into the environment.

Evolution of Vacuum Cleaners: Modern vacuum cleaners come with a variety of specialized attachments. For example, most models include a brush head for floors and carpets, while some also feature corner brushes, curtain nozzles, and sofa attachments for detailed cleaning. A hard hose connects the vacuum body to the flexible hose and accessories, enabling access to tight spaces.

Specialized Attachments: Electric brushes are used in hybrid models for deep cleaning, while round brushes allow 360-degree rotation for furniture and delicate fabrics. Flat nozzles, also called slit nozzles, are ideal for cleaning edges, radiators, and narrow gaps. Dust brushes with soft bristles are perfect for curtains and walls.

Vacuum cleaners typically range from 400W to over 1000W in power, while portable models usually operate at 250W or less. Their effectiveness lies in the electric blower located in the head, which creates strong suction through a rotating impeller. When turned on, the fan rotates at around 500 revolutions per second, creating a powerful vacuum that draws in dust and debris. This negative pressure allows the vacuum to efficiently collect dirt, which is then filtered and stored in the dust bag before clean air is released.

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