Occupational health hazards and safety protection

First of all, we must understand what is called occupational harmful factors : Occupational harmful factors refers to the existence of harmful factors in the occupational activities, including both the harmful factors in the production process, but also the existence of harmful factors in the labor process and production environment .

I. Occupational hazards

(1) Chemical factors: Including poisons and dust. Common irritant gases (such as chlorine, ammonia, nitrogen oxides), asphyxiating gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide), organic solvents (such as benzene, methanol, gasoline), pesticides, etc.; dust in the production of dust, Coal dust, asbestos dust, organic dust, etc.

(2) Physical factors: including noise, vibration, x -rays, gamma rays, abnormal meteorological conditions (high temperature, low temperature, high humidity), and abnormal pressure (high pressure, low pressure).

(3) Biological factors: such as anthrax bacillus attached to fur and biological infectious agents contacted by medical workers.

Other occupational harmful factors that arise during the course of the job: if the labor organization system is unreasonable, the labor and rest system is unreasonable, the mental (psychological) occupation is intense, the labor intensity is too high or the production quota is improper, the eyesight is tight, the bad position or the unreasonable tools Wait.

All of the above items may cause some harm to our body.

Second, occupational hazards case

1 Case 1

Choking village

Hutouyan Village, Hubeikou Town, Longxi County, Hubei Province

In 1984 , a man named Liu Zenggen went to work because of poverty. After many twists and turns, he worked as a coal miner in a township coal mine. Every day his nose was full of gray mouth and he could earn 650 yuan a year .

This was 15 years. In 1999 , Liu Zenggen started to dissatisfaction. To earn more, he began to mine in the gold mine. (This type of mining is not watered, and a dash of dust comes to the surface because wearing a mask does not breathe. Shun, basically they don't wear masks and they don't take any protective measures.)

2. Case 2

In 1999 , a certain household electrical appliance factory in Dongguan transformed the original factory into a closed air-conditioned workshop to improve production conditions.

In early May, Jiangxi, a young woman to work in the plant, using 401-type glue yellow sponge and massage pad leather jacket with about 100 workers over the age of 20, after working four months, there have been frequent dizziness, headache , palpitation, heartbeat, shortness of breath, weakness, pale, sometimes see a small purple skin patches.

401 yellow glue contains a large amount of toxic benzene, and the volatile gas contains 97.3% of benzene .

  Poor ventilation in the workshop

Workers did not use any personal protective equipment during operation , such as wearing masks and gloves. Benzene can cause poisoning through inhalation or skin contact.

The factory did not perform occupational health checks on employees as required

Third, the protection of dangerous and harmful factors

Enterprises should help employees establish a good sense of occupational health protection;

Enterprises should regularly carry out occupational health publicity, education and training;

The company conducts occupational health examinations for employees (important);

Establishment of occupational health accounts (one person, one file);

Distribution of labor supplies;

Improvement of environmental work;

Three cards (security check card, toxic and hazardous chemical information card, hazard point warning card).

This article is edited and compiled by China Rescue Equipment Network. Please indicate the link.