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All-polymer solar cells (APSCs) are highly regarded for their robustness against heat and light, as well as their flexibility, making them a promising solution for flexible power systems. Recent advancements in non-fullerene acceptor materials have spurred the creation of high-performance polysmall molecule receptors. However, the development of efficient polymer donors remains somewhat behind. Designing and synthesizing new polymer donor materials, along with optimizing the arrangement of donor and acceptor molecules, and understanding their connection to photovoltaic performance, could significantly boost the efficiency of APSCs.
Recently, the advanced organic functional materials and devices research team at the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process, under the leadership of Dr. Bao Xichang from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has made notable strides in this area. They've successfully developed new ultra-wide bandgap polymer donor materials (Eopt = 2.24 eV) by minimizing charge transfer states and quinone resonance effects within the donor's main framework (see Fig. 1). These materials boast a high extinction coefficient and absorb across the optimal solar radiation spectrum, while maintaining excellent compatibility with acceptor materials and strong intermolecular interactions. Their efforts resulted in two- and three-component APSCs with efficiencies reaching 15.3% and 17.1%, respectively, surpassing current benchmarks set by classic donor materials. This work introduces innovative design principles and material structures for future APSC donor materials, with findings published in *Advanced Functional Materials*.
However, achieving efficient phase separation and morphology control in conjugated polymers remains challenging due to strong inter-chain entanglement, which often leads to poor phase separation and low mixing entropy. To address these issues, the research team developed a well-miscible polymer donor that effectively infiltrates the donor/acceptor (D/A) domains, optimizing molecular accumulation and phase separation in the active layer. This approach enhances exciton and carrier utilization, leading to a tripartite APSC with a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure that achieved an impressive efficiency of 17.64%. Furthermore, the third component promotes the formation of mixed phases and independent optimization of D/A accumulation, creating ideal pseudo-plane heterojunction (PPHJ) active layers. A ternary APSC with a PPHJ structure attained an efficiency of 17.94%, showcasing superior device stability. The ability to independently induce ordered D/A accumulation through compatible third components holds immense potential for constructing high-efficiency APSCs. These findings were published in *Energy & Environmental Science*.
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology’s international cooperation project, and the special funds of the Shandong Energy Research Institute.
**Figure 1.** Novel molecular strategies for developing efficient polymer donor materials.
**Figure 2.** Tripartite strategy to enhance molecular aggregation in the active layer.