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Member of the Committee of Experts Committee Li Daoyu
**Direction is more important than hard work.** Providing abrasive tools for national major projects, accelerating innovation, taking on social responsibility, and upgrading production equipment are all vital directions for enterprise transformation.
In April this year, I had the opportunity to represent the Coating Abrasives Association at the "International Forum on the Development of Modern Machinery Industry," organized by the China Machinery Industry Federation and the China Mechanical Engineering Society. This forum featured high-level speakers, including Mr. Zhou Qinzhi, former chief engineer of the Shanghai Machine Tool Plant, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Professor Zhang Wei from Tongji University, and CEOs of renowned companies. Many young Ph.D.s also shared their deep theoretical knowledge, practical experience, and insights into cutting-edge technologies, making it a top-tier event. After listening to their speeches, I gained a lot of inspiration. In the first half of the year, I also visited several exhibitions in Shanghai, which broadened my understanding. Today, I would like to share some of my thoughts and reflections from these international forums and exhibitions. The topic of my speech today is "My Feelings and Reflections."
The biggest impression I had during the international forum was that all industries are closely watching the future direction of technological development. I remember that the president of Tsinghua University once warned graduates that "direction is more important than hard work." This applies not only to individual development but also to enterprises and industries as a whole.
Professor Qu Xianming, former deputy director of the China Academy of Mechanical Science, mentioned that the U.S. is also considering this issue. In the past, due to high labor costs, many manufacturing industries were moved overseas, mainly to China. As a result, China became a global manufacturing hub driven by low-cost labor. However, the U.S. now faces a large trade deficit and fiscal challenges. Our country has invested heavily in U.S. Treasury bonds, which reflect the efforts of millions of workers. The U.S. wants to reverse this situation, but it cannot compete with China through manpower alone—it must rely on technology.
In January of this year, an article published in the *Washington Post* by Professor Wadwa suggested that combining artificial intelligence, robotics, and digital manufacturing could revolutionize production, allowing American entrepreneurs to build locally and produce a wide range of products. He predicted that the U.S. would soon regain leadership in manufacturing, while China might need to adapt. This idea reached our central leadership, prompting the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to study the issue. Although some may think the U.S. is overreaching, its technological strength is undeniable. While we celebrate achievements like the "Shen Jiu" space mission, the U.S. has already sent spacecraft beyond the solar system and is preparing to land on Mars. Their aerospace advancements show how quickly they can achieve what seems impossible today.
Today, the U.S. is focusing on the development of **artificial intelligence**, which involves two main components: a perception system (like human vision, hearing, and touch) and a decision-making ability that allows machines to respond to real-time conditions. AI essentially stores human experience and data in computers for on-demand use. A clear example is chess-playing computers. Traditional CNC machines follow pre-programmed instructions and cannot adapt to changing situations. Now, robots are often added to CNC lines to handle tasks like automatic loading and unloading. The American vision is to integrate an AI command system into both robots and CNC machines, enabling fully automated production without relying on manual labor.
I visited Yuli this morning and saw their rubber workshop's control method. Although it’s not AI-level, it has achieved parameter control. For example, when you input the rubber number, the machine automatically performs all necessary operations—a significant improvement.
The question raised by Professor Wadwa has made the domestic scientific community take this issue seriously. Everyone is now thinking about how to respond if foreign countries truly push forward with such plans. This is a forward-looking direction. Additionally, during the forum, I learned that Foxconn, a Taiwanese company with 400,000 workers in Shenzhen, has already deployed 1 million robots on its production lines in 2015. Due to labor shortages and rising costs, some stainless steel companies in Dongguan and Wenzhou are increasing their demand for polishing automation. What new requirements does this place on our coated abrasives industry? How can we adapt our products to this trend?
I also visited Fengpu, where the general manager told us that one of their products has been applied in a fully automated line at Foxconn. I was very pleased. Another key issue discussed was energy. Should our energy structure develop nuclear power? After the Fukushima disaster, Japan shut down all its nuclear plants, but later started to reopen them gradually. The world is still debating this. Bill Gates believes that wind, solar, and tidal energy are promising, but he thinks nuclear energy is the most viable long-term solution. This is a critical issue for China’s future energy strategy, and the government is carefully studying it.
I’m talking about these examples because the issue of direction is everywhere. The State Council issued an "Industrial Enterprise Transformation Plan" in January this year. What is transformation? Many leaders are familiar with the term, but not everyone understands its meaning. In essence, "enterprise transformation" means shifting from relying on expanding production capacity and resource consumption to increasing product value and protecting the environment. Over the past few days, I was happy to see that companies like Yuli have started paying attention to environmental protection and have made progress in emission control. Environmental protection is a key part of this transformation.
Another important point is the type of products needed. The Machine Tool Association has called on enterprises to provide equipment and services for core manufacturing fields. This includes nuclear power, large aircraft, shipbuilding, automobiles, and advanced aerospace. These require support from many companies. This morning, I saw that Yuli has already used their products in some advanced processing fields. Congratulations!
At this China Modern Machinery Industry Development Forum, I introduced some of the results of our coated abrasive tools in supporting major equipment projects. One example is the grinding of large steam turbine blades for nuclear power plants. These blades have complex three-dimensional curved surfaces. After initial shaping by NC milling, further grinding is required to improve surface roughness, avoid stress concentration, and enhance airflow smoothness. This is essential for improving machine efficiency and reliability. However, traditional grinding wheels are not suitable. Instead, belt grinding is used because it generates less heat, avoiding surface burning. Belt grinding can also handle small radius curvatures, which is difficult for grinding wheels.
Chongqing Sanma Haida developed a six-axis linkage CNC blade belt grinding machine in 2008 to meet the needs of Dongfang Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. for 600,000-kilowatt turbines. It can process heavy workpieces up to 180 kg and 2 meters long. This machine uses imported VSM ceramic abrasives and stacked abrasive belts. The coarse-grained belts last about 2–3 hours, and fine-grained ones last 6–8 hours. I saw a picture of Yuli using similar belts for blade grinding. Is it also your newly developed stacked abrasive belt? This machine has also been applied in Shanghai Electric Siemens Steam Turbine Co., Ltd., producing supercritical large turbines. Dongqi Group has used nine TX-6 machines, creating an output value of 330 million yuan in blade grinding by April 2011.
Another example is the SMD-1 Turbine Impeller Blade Top CNC Belt Grinder produced by Hangzhou Machine Tool Plant. It was specially designed for Harbin Steam Turbine Works. Before this, processing impeller discs took 72 hours, but now it takes just 4 hours, achieving high precision. However, the abrasive belts used are still imported.
For high-pressure containers in nuclear power plants, which are made of stainless steel or nickel-based materials, abrasive belt grinding is essential. These containers have thick walls and require precise grinding of welds. Traditional grinding wheels are not suitable due to material properties and thermal issues. Imported grinding equipment is used, but the belts are still mostly imported.
In the aviation industry, the development of large aircraft and advanced fighters is critical. The engines require precise blade grinding, with very tight tolerances. The blades are often made of titanium alloys and are extremely thin. Even small errors can lead to scrap. This requires highly accurate grinding techniques.
Historically, China began using abrasive belts in the 1950s, and since then, the industry has grown significantly. Companies like Chongqing Sanma Haida and Beijing Shengwei Hongji have developed specialized CNC belt grinding machines for engine blades, but the belts are still imported.
For marine propellers made of copper alloy, abrasive belt grinding is essential after milling. The Wuhan Heavy Machine Tool Plant has built a 5-meter diameter gantry CNC milling machine for this purpose. President Hu once asked if it could be used for submarine propellers, highlighting the importance of quiet operation. The use of abrasive belts in this area suggests that China has made progress in this field.
There are many other industrial applications where abrasive belts play a critical role. Despite being a simple tool, they are indispensable in supporting China’s core manufacturing sectors. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan," the China Machine Tool & Tool Industry Association listed superhard material coated abrasives, polyester cloth strong grinding belts, and special coated abrasives as key development areas. Companies like Yuli, Zhengzhou Reiter, and Far East have made progress, but the pace of development remains slow.
Experts like Professor Huang Yun and Dean Zou Wenjun have called for faster advancement in coated abrasive technology. While foreign companies like 3M continue to innovate, China needs to catch up.
Finally, the technical upgrading of production equipment is a key direction in enterprise transformation. Improving product quality stability is the primary goal. Many companies emphasize this, but the level of production equipment is still the foundation. Online measurement and control systems are essential for achieving this.
In summary, direction matters more than effort. By focusing on innovation, adopting advanced technologies, and upgrading equipment, China can move from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing leader. This transformation requires collective effort, collaboration, and a commitment to continuous improvement.
**Abstract**
Li Dayu, a member of the expert committee of the branch, emphasizes that direction is more important than hard work. It is crucial to provide services for national major equipment projects, accelerate innovation, and take on social responsibilities. Technological upgrading of production equipment is a key direction for enterprise transformation. I was in Shanghai this April...