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In recent years, the author visited several fruit-producing regions and observed that some local farmers are still using inefficient fertilization methods. One such method is known as "one-time fertilization," or "one shelling." This approach involves applying both organic and inorganic fertilizers once in the autumn, with no further applications throughout the rest of the year. However, this method is not suitable for fruit trees, as it does not align with their nutrient absorption patterns during the growing season.
Most northern deciduous fruit trees have a long growth cycle, and their nutrient needs vary throughout the year. For example, nitrogen absorption peaks in the spring, while potassium uptake increases significantly during the fruit expansion phase after fruit set. Phosphorus absorption remains relatively stable throughout the growing season without a distinct peak. Therefore, applying all the required inorganic fertilizers at once—such as in the autumn—can lead to inefficiencies. If the nitrogen and potassium needed for the entire year are mixed into the organic fertilizer and applied at one time, they may not be absorbed by the trees when they are most needed. As a result, excess nutrients may remain unused, leading to fixation or loss in the soil, which can create deficiencies in the following year.
For every 100 kilograms of fruit produced, there is an optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that should be taken up by the tree. Based on this ratio, along with considering fertilizer absorption rates and losses, an appropriate amount of inorganic fertilizer can be determined. However, this total amount is not meant to be applied all at once but rather spread out over the entire growing season. Fertilization should be based on the specific nutrient requirements of the trees at different times of the year, with targeted application of different types of fertilizers in stages.
Some farmers confuse the characteristics of organic and inorganic fertilizers by applying them all at once. Organic fertilizers, which have a slow release and long-term effect, are typically applied once after harvest to improve soil quality. In contrast, inorganic fertilizers act quickly but do not last as long. It is best to apply them according to the tree’s specific nutrient needs during different growth stages throughout the year. By adopting a more strategic and timed fertilization approach, farmers can ensure better nutrient uptake, healthier trees, and higher yields.