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Phoxim is a highly effective and low-toxic insecticide that exhibits strong stomach toxicity and contact action, but it does not have systemic activity. It works by rapidly entering the pest and inhibiting its acetylcholinesterase, which leads to paralysis and death. In this short guide, we will explain how phoxim can be used to control pests in pesticide-free vegetable farming.
Phoxim is known to decompose quickly under high temperatures and is unstable when exposed to light. It degrades rapidly through photolysis and has a relatively short residual effect. The most common formulation is 50% emulsifiable concentrate, which is ideal for controlling both above-ground and underground pests in vegetable crops.
1. **Controlling Vegetable Pests with Phoxim**
For the control of diamondback moth and cabbage caterpillar, the manufacturer recommends using 30–40 ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate per acre, mixed with 40–60 kg of water for spraying. To manage thrips and cutworms (Spodoptera litura), apply 50 ml of the same formulation per acre, also diluted in 40–60 kg of water.
2. **Controlling Underground Pests with Phoxim**
To protect crops like corn, peanuts, and large-seeded vegetables from mites, nematodes, and wireworms, mix 125 ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate with 5 kg of water and evenly coat 50 kg of seeds. Ensure there is no visible liquid on the surface before sowing. For crops such as corn, soybean, peanuts, and legumes, prepare a 5% toxic sand mixture by combining 1000 ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate with 1 kg of water, then mix it into 10 kg of fine sand (1–2 mm in size). Apply 2–2.5 kg of this mixture alongside the seeds during planting.
**Important Notes for Using Phoxim**
Apply the solution in the evening or early morning when there is no dew. Use the mixture immediately after preparation. Store treated seeds in a dark and dry place to prevent degradation of the active ingredient. Stop applying phoxim five days before harvest. Be cautious when using it on sensitive crops such as cucumbers and kidney beans. A 500-fold dilution of 50% phoxim may cause phytotoxicity, while a 1000-fold dilution may result in mild damage. Always ensure the concentration is at least 1000 times. Use caution when applying phoxim to cruciferous vegetables during the seedling stage.
This guide provides an effective method for managing pest-free vegetables and controlling underground pests using phoxim insecticides. Feel free to refer to this information for better understanding and application.