In recent years, numerous companies have conducted extensive research on the selection and management of standard components, developing internal standards to ensure the quality of fasteners. Although these parts are highly standardized, their quality can vary significantly depending on the manufacturer. To maintain consistent quality, it is essential to establish and enforce corporate standards, along with robust quality control measures. Our factory has developed enterprise-level standards focusing on specifications, technical inspection, and management, particularly for fasteners used in diesel locomotives. Standard fasteners come in a wide range of types and sizes, making the selection process complex. To identify the most suitable options for our needs, we conduct detailed statistical analysis. This helps us determine which varieties and specifications are most frequently used. Based on this data, we streamline procurement by minimizing the number of specifications while still meeting production requirements. This approach reduces costs, lowers inventory levels, and improves overall production efficiency. For example, when selecting fasteners for our DL44001-20005 diesel locomotive, we analyzed commonly used components such as cotter pins, taper pins, cylindrical pins, and elastic cylindrical pins. In terms of dimensions, common nominal diameters include 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm, with lengths ranging from L20 to L80. Technical inspection plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of standard fasteners. Given the variety of fastener types—ranging from bolts and nuts to specialized pins—there are many categories. While each type has unique characteristics, certain aspects like test methods, inspection rules, and material composition can be standardized. For instance, under our factory standard DL49001-965, incoming fasteners are inspected for surface defects, dimensional accuracy, mechanical properties, and chemical composition. The inspection process includes non-destructive testing for bolts and screws. If any cracks or imperfections are found, the entire batch is rejected. Dimensional checks follow specific sampling ratios: 4.4% for critical fasteners and 6.2% for general ones. The standard also outlines procedures for hardness testing and tensile strength evaluation. In case of disputes, arbitration inspections are conducted according to GB90-855 guidelines. Previously, our factory only checked size and appearance during acceptance. However, since many of our products operate in extreme environments—such as tropical wet areas, cold regions, coastal zones, and high-salt areas—the quality of fasteners directly impacts the performance of our rolling stock. Strengthening incoming inspections and strictly adhering to internal standards is vital to improving product reliability and long-term durability.

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