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1. Seedling Production
(1) Seed Soaking and Germination
To prepare the seeds for planting, soak them in warm water for 4 to 5 hours. After soaking, place them in a warm area with a temperature between 15-20°C. Allow the seeds to germinate under light for 2 to 3 days. Once the sprouts appear, they can be carefully sown by gently breaking the seed coat. For an area of about 667 square meters, approximately 200 grams of seeds are required.
(2) Sowing Seedlings
The soil used for seedlings should be loose and rich in organic matter. Once the seedling tray is filled with the appropriate soil, pour a small amount of water to moisten it without over-saturating. Use freshly irrigated soil, then spread the germinated seeds evenly on the tray. Ensure proper spacing to avoid overcrowding—planting around 5 to 10 kilograms per square meter is recommended. Handle the sprouts carefully to avoid damage. After sowing, cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil (about 0.5 cm), and use a plastic film to retain moisture. Keep the temperature between 20 to 25°C. After about 5 to 6 days, remove the film once the seedlings emerge. Maintain daytime temperatures between 18-22°C and nighttime temperatures between 10-12°C.
(3) Simple Plastic Tray Seedlings
Approximately 25 days after sowing, when the seedlings have developed two leaves and one heart, they can be transplanted into a 100-cell plastic tray. The nutrient soil used in these trays should be loose, fertile, and rich in organic matter to support healthy growth. After transplanting, maintain a daytime temperature of 20-25°C and a nighttime temperature of 15-20°C to encourage strong development. After about 3 to 5 days, gradually lower the temperature to 18-22°C during the day and 12-14°C at night. Apply a double-effect micro-fertilizer such as Shibao every 7 days to promote leaf growth, applying it 2 to 3 times in total. Keep the soil in the trays slightly moist but not waterlogged. After about 3 days, the lettuce should have 4 to 5 leaves and be ready for transplanting. One week before planting, harden off the seedlings. Before planting, spray chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, or agricultural streptomycin along with foliar fertilizer to prevent diseases after transplanting.
2. Planting
Before planting, prepare the land by adding 5,000 to 10,000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 80 kg of lime per 667 square meters. This helps sterilize the soil, adjust pH levels, and provide essential calcium. Lime should be applied every 2 to 3 years. Create raised beds that are 55 cm wide, and plant lettuce in double rows. If possible, use mulch to suppress weeds and reduce disease risk, allowing for earlier harvests. At planting time, apply 40 kg of diammonium phosphate per 667 square meters. Space plants 15 cm by 20 cm apart. Water thoroughly after planting, and avoid flooding to prevent root rot. If the soil becomes too dry, mist it lightly with water.
3. Post-Planting Management
Before planting, ensure the seedlings are acclimated to the growing environment. Maintain daytime temperatures between 25-30°C and nighttime temperatures between 12-20°C to promote slow, steady growth. After a few days, gradually lower the temperature to 15-20°C during the day and 8-10°C at night. Monitor the soil moisture closely, watering only when necessary. A small amount of water can be given if the soil dries out. Cultivate the soil regularly to improve aeration and enhance root development. During the growing season, apply foliar fertilizers such as double-effect micro-fertilizer, Shibao, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7 days, for a total of 3 to 5 applications. Combine these with fungicides like chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, or agricultural streptomycin to prevent diseases such as rot, gray mold, and downy mildew. Alternate fungicides to avoid resistance. To accelerate leaf growth, spray gibberellin (10-20 mg/kg) when the plant has 10-15 leaves, dissolving it in alcohol first before mixing with water. In winter greenhouses, where ventilation is limited, consider using carbon dioxide gas fertilizer to boost growth. Lettuce thrives in long-day conditions, so ensure adequate sunlight by opening greenhouse covers early. Proper lighting promotes strong, healthy growth.
4. Harvesting
Harvest the lettuce approximately 50 days after planting, depending on market demand and growth stage.
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