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1. Seedling Preparation
(1) Seed Soaking and Germination
To prepare the seeds for planting, soak them in warm water for 4 to 5 hours. Afterward, place them in a warm environment with a temperature ranging between 15-20°C. Allow the seeds to germinate under light conditions for 2 to 3 days. Once the sprouts appear, they can be carefully sown by gently breaking the seed coat. For an area of approximately 667 square meters, about 200 grams of seeds are required.
(2) Sowing Seedlings
The nursery soil should be loose and rich in organic matter. Once the seedling tray is filled with the soil, pour water from the bottom without over-saturating it. Use freshly irrigated soil, then spread the germinated seeds evenly on the tray. Ensure proper spacing to avoid overcrowding, aiming for about 5 to 10 kilograms per square meter. Be careful not to damage the sprouts when placing them. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil, about 0.5 cm thick, and cover the tray with a plastic film to retain moisture. Keep the temperature between 20 to 25°C. After 5 to 6 days, remove the film once the seedlings emerge. Maintain daytime temperatures around 18-22°C and nighttime temperatures between 10-12°C.
(3) Simple Plastic Tray Seedlings
Approximately 25 days after sowing, when the seedlings have developed two leaves and one heart, transfer them into a 100-cell plastic tray. Water the seedlings after transplanting. The nutrient soil used in the plastic trays should be loose, fertile, and rich in organic matter to support healthy growth. Maintain a daytime temperature of 20-25°C and a nighttime temperature of 15-20°C to promote strong development. After about 3 to 5 days, gradually reduce the temperature to 18-22°C during the day and 12-14°C at night. Apply a foliar fertilizer such as Shibao or double-effect micro-fertilizer every 7 days for 2 to 3 times to enhance leaf growth. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. After about 3 days, the lettuce will have 4 to 5 leaves and be ready for transplanting. One week before planting, harden off the seedlings. Before transplanting, spray chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, or agricultural streptomycin along with foliar fertilizer to prevent diseases.
2. Planting
Before planting, prepare the land by applying 5000 to 10000 kg of fermented organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, along with 80 kg of lime. This helps sterilize the soil and adjust its pH while providing calcium to prevent deficiencies. Lime can be applied every 2 to 3 years. Create raised beds that are 55 cm wide, and plant lettuce in double rows. If possible, use mulch to suppress weeds and reduce disease risk. At planting time, apply 40 kg of diammonium phosphate per 667 square meters. Space the plants 15 cm apart in rows of 20 cm. Water thoroughly after planting, and avoid flooding to prevent root rot. If the soil becomes too dry, mist it with water.
3. Post-Planting Care
Before planting, harden off the seedlings by maintaining a daytime temperature of 25-30°C and a nighttime temperature of 12-20°C. After planting, maintain a daytime temperature of 15-20°C and a nighttime temperature of 8-10°C for about 3 to 4 days. Gradually adjust the temperature to 18-22°C during the day and 8-12°C at night. Monitor soil moisture and water sparingly, ensuring the soil is neither too wet nor too dry. Regularly loosen the soil to improve aeration and encourage root growth. During the growing season, apply foliar fertilizers such as double-effect micro-fertilizer, Shibao, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7 days for 3 to 5 times. To prevent diseases like rot, gray mold, and downy mildew, mix fungicides like chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and agricultural streptomycin. Alternate between different fungicides for better effectiveness. Additionally, spray gibberellin (10-20 mg/kg) when the plants have 10-15 leaves, dissolving it in alcohol first before application. In winter greenhouses, ensure good ventilation and sufficient sunlight. If possible, increase carbon dioxide levels to promote faster growth. Lettuce thrives in long-day conditions, so keep the greenhouse cover open early to maximize light exposure.
4. Harvesting
Harvest the lettuce approximately 50 days after planting, depending on market demand and growth conditions.
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